Urology for Practice - Latest articles
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Current treatment options for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: from rehabilitation to implantable systemsReview articles
MUDr. Martin Pollák, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):144-148 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.030
Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy remains one of the most important functional complications of prostate cancer treatment. Although surgical technique and perioperative care continue to improve, a subset of patients experience persistent urine leakage long after surgery. Effective management requires differentiation between predominantly stress incontinence and urgency-predominant or mixed symptoms, together with assessment of leakage severity, spontaneous recovery over time, prior radiotherapy, possible urethral or vesicourethral pathology, and patient expectations. Contemporary treatment is stepwise: in the early postoperative period,...
Tiché setkání s kolegou z roku 1943Editorial
Mgr. Olga Klepáčková
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):124
Testicular plasmacytomaCase report
MUDr. Michal Buchta, MUDr. Vladimír Hořava, MUDr. Jana Mihályová
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):180-183 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.082
The authors report a rare case of relapsed multiple myeloma presenting as a solitary testicular plasmacytoma without evidence of systemic relapse. This case highlights the multidisciplinary approach involving both urologists and hemato-oncologists, from the initial detection of an atypical testicular ultrasound finding to the establishment of a consensus on further management and follow-up. In addition, the article provides an overview of multiple myeloma and testicular plasmacytoma as an uncommon manifestation, most frequently observed in elderly patients.
A rare presentation of a complete duplicated left renal collecting system complicated by ureterohydronephrosis and ureteroceleCase report
MUDr. Paulína Kubalcová, PhD., MUDr. Elena Loumová, MUDr. Anna Katanová, prof. MUDr. Ingrid Hodorová, PhD., MUDr. Michaela Uhrinová Vukušičová
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):176-179 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.083
A 70-year-old oncological patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip underwent an initial abdominal ultrasound examination as part of oncological follow-up. At that time, a finding in the region of the left kidney was incorrectly interpreted as a simple solitary renal cyst. Two years later, a follow-up ultrasound revealed massive dilatation of the calyceal-pelvic system of the upper and middle pole of the left kidney with significant thinning of the adjacent parenchyma, corresponding to advanced hydronephrosis. In addition, there was dilatation of the left ureter throughout its course down to the ureterovesical junction, with protrusion into the...
Drug interactions in the treatment of kidney cancerDrug interactions
Mgr. Lucie Kovářová, PharmDr. Milada Halačová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):169-175 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.063
Renal cancer accounts for approximately 2.2% of all solid tumours in the adult population. Its detection tends to be largely incidental and, owing to modern imaging technologies, it is identified in early stages. The treatment of localized tumours is predominantly surgical. The treatment of metastatic cancer had long been very problematic; hence, the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been a major advance, significantly improving the prognosis of patients. However, modern pharmacotherapy has also brought new challenges, particularly in terms of drug interactions and management of non-standard adverse effects associated with anticancer...
Obese patients in the urologist's office: recommendations for everyday practiceGood advice from practice
MUDr. Martin Vigláš
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):165-168 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.066
According to the latest data from the Czech National Institute of Public Health (SZÚ) from 2023, the prevalence of obesity in the Czech Republic is relatively high - approximately 21% of men and 18% of women are obese, while 49% of men and 36% of women are overweight. Urologists therefore encounter overweight patients on a neardaily basis in their practice. Obesity, as a complex metabolic disorder, significantly affects the course of numerous urological diagnoses - from an increased risk of nephrolithiasis and urological malignancies to erectile dysfunction, infertility, and perioperative complications. This article summarizes the impact of obesity...
Application of molecular diagnostic methods in the detection of urological and sexually transmitted infectionsFrom the boundary of urology
RNDr. Kateřina Černá, Ph.D., RNDr. Jana Martínková Němcová, Ph.D., RNDr. Radek Šíma, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):159-164 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.079
Urinary tract infections represent a significant health concern requiring rapid and accurate diagnostics. Traditional methods, particularly culture, remain the gold standard but have limitations in slower turnaround times and reduced sensitivity. Molecular biology techniques offer higher specificity, sensitivity, and the ability to detect non-cultivable or fastidious pathogens. They are increasingly applied not only in diagnosing common and complicated infections but also in monitoring high-risk patients, such as kidney transplant recipients. This article summarizes the principles, indications, and clinical applications of these methods, highlighting...
What a urologist should know about endometriosisFrom the boundary of urology
doc. MUDr. Michael Fanta, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):154-158 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.014
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease characterized by the presence and growth of tissue similar to the uterine lining (endometrium) outside the uterine cavity. Ectopic endometrial tissue induces a chronic inflammatory response at and around the site of its origin. The prevalence ranges from 10% to 15% in women of childbearing age, and typical clinical manifestations are chronic pelvic pain (in up to 90%) and sterility (in 50% of the cases). The disease is usually classified into three main types based on the location and depth of infiltration: superficial, ovarian, and deep endometriosis (DE) which also includes urinary tract endometriosis...
Erectile dysfunction - a practical overview of pharmacotherapyAt a glance
MUDr. Filip Vlček, MUDr. Tomáš Hradec, FEBU, MUDr. Peter Polaček, MUDr. Libor Zámečník, Ph.D., FEBU, FECSM, MBA
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):149 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.098
Erectile dysfunction is a common multifactorial condition that significantly impairs quality of life and may represent an early marker of cardiovascular disease. This article provides a practical overview of current pharmacological treatment options for erectile dysfunction in accordance with the latest European Association of Urology guidelines. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors remain the cornerstone of therapy, and their efficacy, safety profile, and pharmacokinetic properties are discussed. In patients with insufficient response or intolerance to oral therapy, alternative pharmacological approaches including topical, intraurethral, and intracavernosal...
Prescription of medical devices by a stoma nurseNursing Care
Mgr. Pavla Örhalmi
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):184-186 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.008
The prescription of medical devices by non-physician healthcare professionals represents one of the significant changes in the scope of nursing competencies in recent years. Over a four-year period, two major milestones can be identified that have substantially influenced the prescription of medical devices by nurses. The first was the introduction of a new competency in 2022, and the second was the implementation of the mandatory electronic prescription voucher (e-voucher) from 2026. In the interim, adjustments were also made to prescription limits for non-physician healthcare professionals. The present paper focuses on the prescription of medical...
Incidence of second primary malignancies after primary oncological treatment of bladder cancerReview articles
MUDr. Anna Žaloudeková, MUDr. Lucia Ježíková, prof. MUDr. Tomáš Büchler, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):139-143 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.013
Second primary malignancies represent a significant late complication of cancer treatment, with a cumulative incidence of approximately 15% over 20 years of follow-up and a several-fold higher risk compared to the general population. Patients after oncological treatment for bladder cancer, which is a common malignancy with a growing number of long-term survivors, constitute a particularly high-risk group in this regard, in whom late treatment-related complications are of major clinical importance. The most frequently observed secondary malignancies are smoking-related tumors, particularly lung and laryngeal cancer, followed by prostate, colorectal,...
Surgical treatment of anterior urethral strictures in malesReview articles
MUDr. Jaroslav Ženíšek, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(3):128-138 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.026
Surgical treatment of urethral stricture is a dominant category in reconstructive urology requiring a comprehensive understanding of the range of available surgical techniques. No single technique is sufficient to address all cases. The results of the reconstruction must meet demanding functional criteria, as well as aesthetic requirements, especially when solving penile urethral strictures. It is important to master complex decision-making using known algorithms and select appropriate interventions, and choose the correct approach while taking potential complications in the future into account.
Že kočka není pes…Editorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):59
Urothelial carcinoma of horseshoe kidney with tumor triplicity - clinical presentation and treatment approachCase report
MUDr. Oleg Izmaylov, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr. Zdeněk Bělobrádek, prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):115-118 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.058
Horseshoe kidney (ren arcuatus) represents the most common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 400-1,800 individuals. It is generally a benign condition, yet predisposes patients to multiple urological complications, including an increased risk of neoplastic diseases. Urothelial carcinoma arising in a horseshoe kidney is exceedingly rare, complicating both its diagnosis and management. This case report presents an 81-year-old patient with high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma located in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney, further complicated by concurrent small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Diagnosis required an open surgical...
Drug interactions in the therapy of bladder cancerDrug interactions
Mgr. Tereza Medková, Mgr. Tereza Vaňková
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):111-114 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.054
The rapid development of oncological therapies is accompanied by an increasing incidence of drug interactions, which can significantly affect both the safety and efficacy of treatment. Most oncology patients suffer from additional chronic conditions, and due to age and comorbidities, this often leads to polypharmacy. As a result, the risk of interactions increases not only between prescribed medications, but also with over-the-counter products, dietary supplements, herbal preparations, or certain foods. Drug interactions in oncology may be both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, and can manifest as reduced therapeutic efficacy or an increased risk...
Indications and guidelines for active surveillance in men with prostate cancerAt a glance
doc. MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):108-110 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.097
Active surveillance represents a standard management strategy for localized prostate cancer in men with low-risk disease and selected patients with favorable intermediate-risk features. The aim is to delay or avoid curative treatment in those with a low risk of progression, thereby preserving quality of life without compromising oncologic safety. The use of magnetic resonance and targeted biopsies improves patient selection and minimizes the risk of missing clinically significant tumors.
Vasectomy and possible complicationsSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. Jakub Szewczyk
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):104-107 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.001
Vasectomy represents the most widely used method of male sterilization and is considered a safe, effective, and economically advantageous procedure in family planning. The main reasons for its growing popularity include reliability, procedural simplicity, short recovery time, minimal impact on hormonal function and sexual life, and increasing public awareness of the method. Modern techniques have significantly reduced the risk of complications as well as postoperative pain.
Ethical issues in the treatment of erectile dysfunctionSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. Libor Zámečník, Ph.D., FEBU, FECSM, MBA
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):100-103 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.053
Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents a significant medical, psychological, and social issue. The treatment of ED occurs within a context of numerous ethical challenges that extend beyond standard clinical practice. This article summarizes twelve key areas, ranging from informed consent, access to care, and media influence to the spiritual dimension of sexuality. Special attention is also given to testosterone misuse and the commercialization of treatment. The aim of the text is to promote a comprehensive, respectful, and ethically grounded approach to patients with ED.
Current procedures for urinary incintinence rehabilitation after radical prostatectomyFrom the boundary of urology
Mgr. Petra Bastlová, Ph.D., Mgr. Anna Garajová, MUDr. Ondřej Česák, doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):94-98 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.096
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on rehabilitation approaches for urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. The foundation of therapy is the targeted activation of muscles responsible for continence control, coordinated with breathing and postural functions. Comprehensive functional physiotherapy, which includes the development of strength, endurance, and overall physical conditioning - and initiated even before surgery - improves postoperative outcomes and shortens recovery time. Adjunct methods such as biofeedback and electrostimulation demonstrate moderate to low levels of evidence for effectiveness and are recommended...
Individualization of systemic treatment for advanced prostate cancerFrom the boundary of urology
MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucia Tomková
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):91-93 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.005
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2-3 % of all malignancies, and its incidence has been steadily increasing. From the perspective of systemic therapy, immunotherapy has become a key pillar of modern RCC treatment. Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as an essential component of therapy for both advanced disease and localized disease at high risk of relapse. This article summarizes the role of immunotherapy in the management of metastatic RCC and its position in the adjuvant setting following surgical treatment.
Prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of LUTS/BPH - a practical review for urologists and interventional radiologistsFrom the boundary of urology
MUDr. Oleg Izmaylov, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU, prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D., MUDr. Michal Balík, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jan Raupach, Ph.D., MUDr. Vendelín Chovanec, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):83-89 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.010
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urological conditions in elderly men and often leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with a significant impact on quality of life. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive endovascular treatment option performed under local anaesthesia, offering symptom relief in selected patients with an increased anaesthetic risk or a preference to avoid conventional surgery. Current evidence, including randomized trials and meta-analyses, shows that PAE significantly improves LUTS, quality of life and urinary flow, although the desobstructive effect is generally inferior...
D-mannose in urinary tract infections: mechanistic rationale, clinical effectiveness, and limitations of evidenceReview articles
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, PharmDr. Kateřina Langmaierová, Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):78-82 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.002
Recurrent cystitis in women is a frequent outpatient urology problem, substantially impairing quality of life and increasing antibiotic exposure with consequences for antimicrobial resistance and microbiome disruption (1, 2). D-mannose is widely used as an antibiotic-sparing option supported by a plausible anti-adhesive mechanism, potentially blocking the binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to urothelium via the FimH adhesin (4, 5). However, clinical evidence remains heterogeneous. While earlier studies and some reviews suggested a possible prophylactic benefit (6-8), a large pragmatic placebo-controlled randomized trial in primary care...
Drug-induced urolithiasisReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Kladenský, RNDr. Vladimír Bulka
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):74-76 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.007
Although drug-induced urolithiasis does not occur very frequently, it is by no means rare. It is reported to account for 1-2 % of cases of urolithiasis. This type of lithiasis should be taken into consideration in patients taking a medication from the group of potentially lithogenic drugs as well as in those who have recurrent lithiasis and are suspected to have a lithiatic-metabolic disorder. The article lists the most high-risk medications identified to date that can cause iatrogenic lithiasis, particularly when patients take these medications in the long-term and/or in higher doses.
Current pharmacological options for the treatment of acute cystitis and the prevention of recurrent cystitisReview articles
MUDr. Lucie Hopková, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):66-72 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.009 
Cystitis is the most common urinary tract infection and a major driver of antibiotic prescribing in outpatient care. Acute uncomplicated cystitis requires a rational selection of short antibiotic regimens with minimal ecological impact, consistent with antimicrobial stewardship principles. Recurrent cystitis - defined as three episodes within 12 months or two episodes within 6 months - results from complex mechanisms including intracellular bacterial reservoirs, alterations of the vaginal microbiota and functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Modern prevention prioritizes non-antibiotic strategies such as vaginal estrogens in postmenopausal...
Stress incontinence in womenReview articles
MUDr. Kateřina Maxová
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):62-65 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.095
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common form of urinary incontinence in women. It is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine in the cases of increased intra-abdominal pressure in the absence of a detrusor contraction. Given the high prevalence of this disorder in the population, SUI poses a significant medical as well as psychosocial problem that negatively impacts the quality of life of affected women. The review article summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, including new trends in therapy.
Cítím s tebou aneb úvaha o empatiiEditorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):3
Management of asymptomatic bacteriuria - when is treatment necessary?At a glance
MUDr. Lucie Sedláčková
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):52-54 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.052
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) without clinical signs is a common clinical condition. It is usual in patients with urinary catheters and in patients with pathology of urinary tracts. The occurrence of ABU increases with age and is more pronounced in women. It is usually not treated and often disappears spontaneously. The administration of antimicrobial therapy to patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria should always be assessed on a case-by-case basis to avoid unnecessary burdensome treatment. According to current recommendations, we specifically search for and treat ABU in patients undergoing surgical procedures that affect the mucosa of the urinary...
Metastatic prostate cancer mimicking a primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladderCase report
MUDr. Michaela Uhrinová Vukušičová, MUDr. Ivan Viľcha, MUDr. Mária Cinová, MUDr. Mária Mikitová, MUDr. Ľubomír Ličák
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):48-51 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.051
A 67-year-old patient with several months of recurrent urinary retention with subsequent occurrence of gross hematuria, while palpation of the prostate and the level of total prostate-specific antigen were not significant for prostate cancer. Cystoscopy revealed papillomatous formations in the prostatic urethra, subsequently also in the neck, trigone and posterior wall of the bladder, and urine cytology was suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The patient underwent transurethral resection of pathological lesions with the finding of prostatic adenocarcinoma with Gleason score 10. As part of the differential diagnosis, in patients with lesions...
Nonpharmacological measures in recurrent urinary tract infections in children and adolescentsGood advice from practice
MUDr. Zuzana Vyoralová
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):42-47 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.078
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common reason for visiting a paediatrician as well as for being hospitalized. Children with recurrent UTIs are at a higher risk of kidney injury, particularly when concurrent with vesicoureteral reflux. Prevention involves a set of measures intended to reduce the recurrence rate and thus the risk of renal insufficiency. Given the increasing pharmacological resistance of bacteria, nonpharmacological measures are becoming increasingly important.
The influence of lifestyle on the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia from a pharmacist's perspectiveFrom the boundary of urology
Mgr. Ondřej Šimandl
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):37-41 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.055
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common non-malignant diseases affecting middle-aged and older men. In addition to pharmacological treatment and surgical options, lifestyle and dietary measures also play an increasingly important role, both in the prevention and supportive treatment of this disease. The article offers a view of the issue of benign prostatic hyperplasia from the perspective of a pharmacist, who, among other things, has an irreplaceable role in educating patients and supporting adherence to treatment. Attention is paid in particular to the influence of diet, physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption and non-smoking,...