Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):146-151 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.071

Urology and gender medicine: specific needs in the treatment of urological diseases in women

MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM^{1, 2, 3}, Mgr. Aneta Hujová³, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.⁴

¹ Sexuologické oddělení, Krajská zdravotní, a. s., Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem, o. z.

² Urologické oddělení, Krajská zdravotní, a. s., Nemocnice Litoměřice, o. z.

³ Fakulta zdravotnických studií Univerzity Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem

⁴ Přírodovědecká fakulta Univerzity Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem

A gender-oriented approach in urology represents a key method for considering the anatomical, hormonal, and psychosocial differences between men and women. In women, a shorter urethra increases the incidence of urinary tract infections, while hormonal changes (particularly after menopause) contribute to a higher susceptibility to incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and interstitial cystitis. Individualized therapy that addresses fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can significantly improve both the prevention and treatment of various conditions, for instance, through local estrogen application or targeted pharmacotherapy. Diagnostics in female urology emphasize the combination of palpation, ultrasound, and urodynamic examinations, along with careful evaluation of potential gynecolo­gical and metabolic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity). Surgical treatment requires knowledge of the specific anatomy of the female pelvis as well as collaboration with gynecologists, physiotherapists, sexologists, or psychologists. A lack of large-scale studies focusing on female populations continues to limit the development of unified guidelines. Nonetheless, a gender-sensitive approach has been shown to increase diagnostic accuracy, improve treatment efficacy, and enhance the overall quality of life of female patients. Multidisciplinary care and an emphasis on psychosocial factors are therefore becoming essential elements of modern urology.

Keywords: urology, gender medicine, female urological disorders, sex-based differences, specialized treatment.

Accepted: September 29, 2025; Published: October 17, 2025  Show citation