Proč přibývá stresu?

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):55  

Urological disease in diabetic patient

MUDr. Miroslava Ryšánková, MUDr. Marie Hurtová

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):58-65 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2022.005  

Patients with diabetes mellitus in the urology clinic are not exceptional. They are being examined for signs of common urological diseases as well as patients without diabetes. But also with complications in the urinary tract or genitals that are specific to the diabetic patient. These complications last for an unknown period of time, often oligosymptomatically. They are often life-threatening for patients. The actual treatment of these diseases consists not only in stabilizing the urological problem, but also in setting up and adjusting the treatment of diabetes. It can be said that diabetes increases the risk of urological problems and, conversely,...

Primary urethral carcinoma

doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):66-72 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.001  

Primary urethral carcinomas (PUCs) are rare and account for less than 1 % of genitourinary cancers. Most of the data rely on studies with small numbers of patients or case reports. PUCs occur more commonly in men, and differ by location and histologic subtype. Patients symptoms often include urinary obstruction, irritative voiding symptoms, or hematuria. Risk factors include urethral strictures, chronic irritation of urine tube, radiation treatment, human papilloma virus, and urethral diverticula (females). Most PUCs are localized; however, 30 % to 40 % of patients present with regional lymph node metastasis. Stage and anatomic location of the PUCs...

Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):73-75  

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is the incurable form of prostate cancer, carrying the poorest prognosis, and can develop from non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. There have been three trials assessing treatments in the specific setting of nmCRPC; PROSPER (enzalutamide), SPARTAN (apalutamide), ARAMIS (darolutamide). The results include the delay of metastatic disease development, prevention of symptoms, and a benefit in overall survival.

Intravesical chemotherapy in patients with NMIBC

MUDr. Michael Pešl, FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):76-79  

When treating patients with bladder cancer, it is important to classify tumours into muscle-infiltrating and non-infiltrating tumours since both the prognosis and treatment differ substantially in these two groups. Non-infiltrating bladder tumours are associated with a very heterogeneous prognosis, the estimation of which is essential for choosing the right type of adjuvant therapy. The mainstay of treatment for non-infiltrating tumours is transurethral resection, following which it is important to determine prognostic factors in order for the treatment to be successful. Evaluation of these individual factors allows the inclusion of patients in prognostic...

The role of thermoablative methods in the treatment of renal tumors

MUDr. Vlastimil Válek jr., prof. MUDr. Vlastimil Válek, CSc., MBA, EBIR, doc. MUDr. Marek Mechl, Ph.D., MBA

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):80-84 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2022.017  

Percutaneous thermoablation is an alternative method of treatment for localized renal tumors (T1a). Its application is mainly in elderly polymorbid patients who are not candidates for surgery. The postoperative outcome in terms of overall survival at 1 year is similar in patients after thermoablation and resection. Overall survival at longer interval is better in the resection group compared with the thermoablation group. Surgical management of this group of tumors remains the method of choice.

(Un)safe diets with oncology patiens

Mgr. Věra Andrášková, Hana Žďárská

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):85-88  

Due to the oncological disease, there occur changes in the metabolism of nutrients, their use in the body changing the requirements to cover nutritional needs. The natural consequence is an increase in the demand for the composition of the diet and the choice of food as a primary source of nutrients. Patients and their families seek for information available on dietary recommendations from unverified sources that are inconsistent with the current expert advice. From the specifications of diets, it is already possible to detect risks for the patient, such as a development of malnutrition or directly tumour cachexia. An example of a one-day diet provides...

Drug problems associated with male lower urinary tract symptoms therapy

PharmDr. Alena Pilková, PharmDr. Jan Miloslav Hartinger, Ph.D., PharmDr. Petra Hrnčířová

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):89-95  

Male urinary tract symptoms (M-LUTS) belong to common complaints that are treated with drugs from several pharmacotherapeutic groups, with different mechanism of action, different mechanism of adverse affects and associated potential drug related problems. When choosing a suitable drug, it is necessary to assess patients´ general health status and concomitant medication, in order to minimize the risk of adverse effects in predisposed individuals. The text presented here summarizes current approach to the pharmacotherapy of M-LUTS and in several case reports demonstrates possible drug-related problems associated with this therapy.

Isolated traumatic bladder rupture

MUDr. Mária Zimenová, MUDr. Oldřich Matys, MUDr. Tomáš Pavlosek

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):96-98  

In our case report we present a 57 years old woman with a history of felling off the bicycle who was coming with pain in lower abdomen and frequency. According to CT cystography was described an intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder and free contrast medium in the peritoneal cavity. We performed a laparoskopic examination of the abdomen and suture of the bladder. No other abdominal organ injury was detected.

Multiple horseshoe kidney tumors with different histological type

MUDr. Šárka Šachová

Urol. praxi. 2022;23(2):100-102 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.028  

Horseshoe kidney is the most common shape anomaly of the kidney, which consists in the connection of both kidneys by means of a parenchymal bridge. The incidence is between 0,15-0,25 %. Horseshoe kidneys are predisposed to nephrolithiasis due to anatomical conditions and have a higher risk of developing some type of tumors. Surgical treatment of horseshoe kidney tumors is specific with a help of preoperative planning using advanced imaging methods and auxiliary perioperative methods to minimize complications.